Header image – A beautiful warning? Arran from Culzean Castle. The unusual and beautiful sea colour is caused by growth of coccolithophores, a microscopic marine algae, which marine biologists say reflects soaring CO2 levels.
Without a healthy environment, humanity cannot survive or thrive.
The Scottish Government will consult on a new Human Rights (Scotland) Bill in 2022. It will protect a range of rights, including the human right to a healthy environment ‘with substantive and procedural elements’.
The substantive and procedural elements of the right to a healthy environment are equally important.
The UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment has defined the substantive part as including the features of clean air, a safe climate, access to safe water and adequate sanitation, healthy and sustainably produced food, non-toxic environments in which to live, work, study and play, and healthy biodiversity and ecosystems.
The procedural part specifies the processes and mechanisms for people to exercise their environmental rights and ensure environmental laws are enforced. These rights include access to information, public participation in decision-making, access to justice and effective remedies and are enshrined by the UNECE Aarhus Convention.
The task now is to ensure that both the substantive and procedural parts of the right to a healthy environment are delivered with ‘teeth’. That is, our right needs to be enforceable to make a real difference to the environment and to the lives of people most affected by environmental problems in Scotland.
For more information, read our joint briefing with Scottish Environment LINK and watch the video below.

Our right to a healthy environment and other rights
Read our three briefings commissioned by the Human Rights Consortium Scotland on the relationship between our right to a healthy environment and three other human rights:
- How the human right to a healthy environment advances the rights of disabled people – joint briefing with Inclusion Scotland
- How the human right to a healthy environment advances our right to health
- The relationship between the human right to a healthy environment and the right to food